Central Nervous System and Muscle

Arnold-Chiari malformation, hydrocephalus, meningitis, neoplasms

1. 1. What abnormalities are associated with errors of fusion of the bony spinal canal?


2. 2. Describe Arnold-Chiari malformation.


3. 3. What is Hydrocephalus?


4. 4. List the three forms of CNS hemorrhage associated with trauma? Describe each form and the pathogenesis.


5. 5. What two complications occur as a result of compound fractures to the skull?


6. 6. What are the four predisposing circumstances leading to infections of pyogenic, viral or granulomatous disease?


7. 7. What causes meningitis in the elderly?


8. 8. List at least three examples of granulomatous infection.


9. 9. Define progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.


10. 10. How do tumors produce signs and symptoms? Describe two basic mechanisms.


11. 11. Define* glioma (astrocytoma).


12. 12. Define* oligodendroglioma.


13. 13. Define* medulloblastoma.


14. 14. Define* meningiomas.


15. 15. Define* Schwannoma.


16. 16. Define Congenital aneurysms.


17. 17. What are some of the causes of intracranial hemorrhage?


18. 18. Describe cerebral infarcts.


19. 19. What is meant by demylinating diseases? Give an example.


20. 20. What causes Wernicke's encephalopathy?


21. 21. Describe the clinical and pathologic features of Tay-Sachs disease.


22. 22. What are two major microscopic changes seen in Alzheimer's disease?


23. 23. What are various categories of myopathies?