Respiratory Disease

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Bronchiole Types, Pulmonary lobule, Collateral Ventilation, Emphysema, and Lung Disease

• 1. What is COPD, and what is it characterized by?


• 2. Provide a description of bronchi, and differentiate them from the bronchioles.


• 3. What are the types of bronchioles?


• 4. What is the acinus?


• 5. What is the pulmonary lobule?


• 6. Describe collateral ventilation.


• 7. What defines emphysema? Describe its pathology.


• 8. Compare centrilobular and panlobular emphysema.


• 9. List and describe the major pathologic changes that occur in COPD.


• 10. What are some clinical syndromes of COPD? How are they clinically defined?


• 12. What are some causes of airflow limitation?


• 13. What is the proteolytic enzyme hypothesis?


• 14. What are some ways in which lung cancer is related to smoking?


• 15. Define squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, small cell undifferentiated carcinoma, large cell undifferentiated carcinoma, bronchial adenoma, and mesothelioma.


• 16. Which of the types of lung cancer are least likely to present as central masses?


• 17. List the five ‘paraneoplastic’ syndromes.


• 18. What are the tests used to diagnose a lung tumor?


• 19. What are possible treatments, and when should each be used?


• 20. What are the determinants of prognosis in lung cancer?


• 21. Which type of lung cancer has the best overall prognosis? Worst?